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Powell, M., Olsen, K. N., Davidson, Jane, & Thompson, W. F. (2024). Understanding the Attraction to Music Containing Violent Themes: A Qualitative Analysis. Psychology of Popular Media, Advance online publication.
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Reali, C. E. (2006). Heavy Metal Lyrics as a Form of Social Protest (C. Duran-Aydintug, Ed.). Master's thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado.
Abstract: "This mass messaging content analysis study presents several examples of heavy metal lyrics as a form of social protest. The analysis was done by coding using a purposive convenience sample of twenty-four heavy metal songs from fourteen different bands, and spanning eighteen different albums recorded within the last two and a half decades. Furthermore, content analysis for this study was done through the analysis of the lyrical content of the twenty-four songs in relation to four major categories of social protest. These major categories were politics, religion, war, and social problems. The social problems category was divided in six different sections: social violence, media control, drug abuse, materialism, racism, and environmental issues.
The theoretical framework of mass media as a primary site for the construction and dissemination of dominant ideologies, establishes a link with the social protest content in heavy metal lyrics making them a genuine part of the culture industry and one of the principal channels for ideological discourse in contemporary society. After inductively testing the research statement I find that it is consistent with the focus of this study and the theoretical framework presented along with it."
[SOURCE: PDF]
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Senekal, B. A. (2025). Mensveragtend, afstootlik en omstrede: ’n verkenning van Afrikaanse swartmetaal [Misanthropic, repulsive and controversial: an exploration of Afrikaans black metal]. LitNet Akademies Geesteswetenskappe, 22(3), 308–338.
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Svetlova, A. (2018). The poet who failed his best play? Podmiot mówiący w utworach zespołu Nightwish wobec paradygmatu romantycznego [The poet who failed his best play? Speaking subject in the tracks of Nightwish in the face of the romantic paradigm]. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia de Cultura, 10(3).
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Triplett, A. G. (2016). Music and aggression: Effects of lyrics and background music on aggressive behavior. Master's thesis, Loyola University Chicago, Ann Arbor.
Abstract: Given the ever-growing popularity of music in daily life, it is of the utmost importance to understand how it influences affect, cognition, and behavior, especially given the violence of certain genres of music. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between music and behavior, specifically to examine how the lyrics and background music interact to influence affective hostility and aggressive behavior. Data were collected from a sample of 168 students (61% Female; MAge = 19.24, SD = 2.470) at a large, private, Midwestern university to investigate this relationship. The music was manipulated by randomly assigning the participant to listen to one of four versions of a song. These versions included the match of either antisocial or prosocial lyrics with heavy metal or calm background music.
Although there was no significant main effect of the lyrical content on participant’s aggressive behavior as hypothesized, there was a significant main effect of the lyrical content on an individual’s level of affective hostility F(4,159) = 8.818, p < .001, η 2</super> = .186. Specifically, pairwise comparisons showed antisocial lyrics resulted in a higher level of hostility as compared to the prosocial lyrics. This pattern suggests that music influences an individual’s affective hostility, but counter to previous research, music does not necessarily alter aggressive behavior. The relationship between music and aggression requires further investigation in order to determine whether music does in fact influence behavior, including potential moderators of this relationship.
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Valasik, M., Reling, T. T., & Reid, S. E. (2025). The (non)offensive nature of “white power” music, a research note. Criminology, First Published.
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Valijärvi, R. - L., Doesburg, C., & DiGioia, A. (Eds.). (2021). Multilingual Metal Music: sociocultural, linguistic and literary perspectives on heavy metal lyrics. London: Emerald.
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Wall Hinds, E. J. (1992). The Devil sings the blues: heavy metal, gothic fiction and ”postmodern” discourse. The Journal of Popular Culture, 26(3), 151–164.
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Wanamaker, C. E., & Reznikoff, M. (1989). Effects of aggressive and nonaggressive rock songs on projective and structured tests. The Journal of Psychology, 123(6), 561–570.
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