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Thompson, R. L., & Larson, R. (1995). Social context and the subjective experience of different types of rock music. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(6), 731–744.
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Triplett, A. G. (2016). Music and aggression: Effects of lyrics and background music on aggressive behavior. Master's thesis, Loyola University Chicago, Ann Arbor.
Abstract: Given the ever-growing popularity of music in daily life, it is of the utmost importance to understand how it influences affect, cognition, and behavior, especially given the violence of certain genres of music. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between music and behavior, specifically to examine how the lyrics and background music interact to influence affective hostility and aggressive behavior. Data were collected from a sample of 168 students (61% Female; MAge = 19.24, SD = 2.470) at a large, private, Midwestern university to investigate this relationship. The music was manipulated by randomly assigning the participant to listen to one of four versions of a song. These versions included the match of either antisocial or prosocial lyrics with heavy metal or calm background music.
Although there was no significant main effect of the lyrical content on participant’s aggressive behavior as hypothesized, there was a significant main effect of the lyrical content on an individual’s level of affective hostility F(4,159) = 8.818, p < .001, η 2</super> = .186. Specifically, pairwise comparisons showed antisocial lyrics resulted in a higher level of hostility as compared to the prosocial lyrics. This pattern suggests that music influences an individual’s affective hostility, but counter to previous research, music does not necessarily alter aggressive behavior. The relationship between music and aggression requires further investigation in order to determine whether music does in fact influence behavior, including potential moderators of this relationship.
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Trostle, L. C. (1986). Nihilistic Adolescents, Heavy Metal Rock Music, and Paranormal Beliefs. Psychological Reports, 59(2), 610.
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Tzu-Han Cheng, & Chen-Gia Tsai. (2016). emale Listeners’ Autonomic Responses to Dramatic Shifts Between Loud and Soft Music/Sound Passages: A Study of Heavy Metal Songs. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, art. 182.
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Valdés Vivas, E. (2007). Heavy Metal: die Musik im Kontext von soziologischen und psychologischen Forschungsgebieten. Ph.D. thesis, Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst, Vienna.
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Varas-Díaz, N., Mendoza, S., & Rivera, A. (2015). La cultura de la música heavy metal como fenómeno social. Boletín Asociación de Psicología de Puerto Rico, 38(1), 4–6.
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Wallach, J., Berger, H. M., & Greene, P. D. (2011). Affective overdrive, scene dynamics, and identity in the global metal scene. In J. Wallach, H. M. Berger, & P. D. Greene (Eds.), Metal rules the globe: heavy metal music around the world (pp. 3–33). Durham: Duke University Press.
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