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Sikes, L. (2017). In the Groove: American Rock Criticism, 1966-1978. Ph.D. thesis, University of Rochester, Ann Arbor.
Abstract: Rock and roll music was a national youth obsession for more than ten years before the first rock critics began writing seriously about the form. Rock was dismissed by adult cultural authorities as empty, degraded, and even dangerous. However, to its fans, rock was an important form of personal expression, a source of group identity, and a mode of political discourse. Rock critics understood its cultural and political power. In their work, they explained its importance to the American public.
In 1966, the first rock critic, Richard Goldstein, began writing about rock and roll in a weekly column in the Village Voice called “Pop Eye.” In it, he asserted that rock and roll was an art that deserved the same recognition and protections afforded to other art forms. By 1967, The New Yorker hired Ellen Willis to write about rock in a regular column called “Rock, Etc.” She brought an intellectual sophistication to the genre that would resound long after her career as a rock critic ended. Later in 1967, Rolling Stone debuted; it would become the most visible and influential source of rock criticism for the next fifty years. Editor Jann Wenner’s tastes and approach would affect the way rock was perceived in his own time and for decades after. Finally, in 1968, Lester Bangs debuted onto the scene, writing artful reviews for publications like Creem and Rolling Stone, explaining the changes that were taking place as rock music splintered into subgenres like punk and heavy metal.
The quality of these rock critics’ thought and the influence of their writing makes rock criticism an important and under-studied branch of Sixties literature. Each of the rock critics addressed in this dissertation explained to the public what rock music meant and why it mattered. By placing rock in its social, political, and cultural context, they demonstrated that it was far from the empty form cultural authorities thought it was. Their work permanently changed perceptions of popular music, proving that it was substantial enough to stand up to the same kind of critical treatment as other art forms.
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Venegas Marín, M. P. Análisis del impacto en la sociedad del movimiento contestatario “Ultra Metal” como alternativa a la violencia que experimentaron los jóvenes de la ciudad de Medellín durante la década de los 80s. DSpace, .
Abstract: Este trabajo investigativo y de carácter cualitativo busca centrarse en las posturas que han derivado desde la comunicación, con aportes de la sociología y las ciencias sociales, a través de un recorrido teórico e histórico de los sucesos más importantes del espectro de tiempo, así como de sus principales aportes y limitaciones de las expresiones artísticas y musicales asociados al movimiento de “Ultra Metal” y la importancia de éste en las transformaciones de la sociedad producto de las dinámicas de violencia asociadas a las disputas de narcotraficantes. Dichas disciplinas han brindado diferentes conceptos al fenómeno de la búsqueda de identidades y de pares, con connotaciones como subcultura, contracultura, tribus urbanas y culturas juveniles, las cuales han surgido con visiones muy diferentes y diversas. Esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el impacto en la sociedad del movimiento contestatario “Ultra Metal” como alternativa a la violencia que experimentaron los jóvenes de la ciudad de Medellín durante la década de los 80s. Esto se sustenta en cuatro factores: las condiciones del contexto histórico en la creación del movimiento contracultural contestatario “Ultra Metal”; los imaginarios que se configuran a través de la música y grupos juveniles contestarios que permiten la concepción del mismo como contracultura; los contextos sociales dinamizadores expresados a través de la música, la individualidad, las tribus urbanas en los escenarios de respuesta contra la violencia generada en el tiempo y los conceptos del fenómeno de la búsqueda de identidades y de pares, con connotaciones como subcultura, contracultura, tribus urbanas y culturas juveniles. Bajo esta perspectiva, esta investigación contribuye a las ciencias sociales porque al conocer los impactos que la música tiene en las transformaciones de la sociedad puede servir como base para construir estrategias que permitan a los y las jóvenes encontrar un sentido de vida a través del arte y, de esta manera, convertirse en agentes significativos dentro de una sociedad más justa y equitativa.
[ This investigative and qualitative paper seeks to focus on the positions that have derived from communication, with contributions from sociology and social sciences, through a theoretical and historical journey of the most important events of the spectrum of time, as well as of its main contributions and limitations of the artistic and musical expressions associated with the “Ultra Metal” movement and its importance in the transformations of society as a result of the dynamics of violence associated with drug traffickers' disputes. These disciplines have provided different concepts to the phenomenon of the search for identities and peers, with connotations such as subculture, counterculture, urban tribes and youth cultures, which have emerged with very different and diverse visions. This study aims to analyze the impact on society of the “Ultra Metal” protest movement as an alternative to the violence experienced by young people in the city of Medellin during the 1980s. This is based on four factors: the conditions of the historical context in the creation of the protesting countercultural movement “Ultra Metal”; the imaginaries that are configured through music and rebellious youth groups that allow the conception of it as a counterculture; the dynamic social contexts expressed through music, individuality, urban tribes in response scenarios against violence generated over time and the concepts of the phenomenon of searching for identities and peers, with connotations such as subculture, counterculture, urban tribes and youth cultures.]
Keywords: Ultra metal, Contracultura, Década de los 80s, Violencia, Juventud, Medellín; Ultra metal, Counterculture, 1980s, Violence, Youth, Medellín.
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