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Calandra, N. (2016). Metal health: Measuring depression and anxiety within the heavy metal community. Master's thesis, Long Island University, The Brooklyn Center., Ann Arbor.
Abstract: Heavy metal has a long and controversial history. One of the many things it has been blamed for is causing mental illness among its listeners. However, is the music to be blamed or are there other factors coming into play? Numerous studies have been done on various aspects of heavy metal such as its link to violence, but few have been done on mental health within the community. This paper replicated a French study examining levels of depression and anxiety within the community. Forty three participants, all active metal listeners, completed a survey examining various factors such as employment status and education levels, and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Like the French study, it found that participants had generally low levels of depression and anxiety, but high levels were linked to outside factors. Hopefully, this will help open the floor for more valuable research on the community.
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Cameron, B. K. (2007). Madness in the Mirror of Reason: Metallica and Foucault on Insanity and Confinement. In W. Irwin (Ed.), Metallica and Philosophy: a crash course in brain surgery (pp. 117–126). Malden & Oxford: Blackwell.
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McKinnon, C. A. (2011). War inside My Head: Metal, Mental Illness and Psychic Energy. In C. A. McKinnon, N. Scott, & K. Sollee (Eds.), Can I play with madness? Metal, dissonance, madness and alienation (pp. 121–132). Oxford: Inter-Disciplinary Press.
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Messick, K. J., Aranda, B., & Day, C. (2020). The experiences of metal fans with mental and developmental disorders in the metal music community. Metal Music Studies, 6(2), 193–214.
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Miller, D. S. (2010). Heavy Metal for Your Mind. Current Anthropology; Chicago, 51(4).
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Recours, R., Aussaguel, F., & Trujillo, N. (2009). Metal Music and Mental Health in France. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry; New York, 33(3), 473–488.
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