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Brown, A. R. (2024). Resistance Through Music: Exploring the Role of Class Fraction Appropriations and Alliances in the Subcultural Formation of Heavy Metal, Classic, Post and Present. In R. Garbaye, & G. Guibert (Eds.), Musical Scenes and Social Class. Debating Punk and Metal (pp. 17–41). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
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de Alcântara, M. O. (2021). Anarchopunk e tecnologias sociais de resistência: antirracismo e subversão da branquitude na música do grupo Aus Rotten. In R. Barchi (Ed.), Diálogos com a música extrema (pp. 121–152). Porto Alegre: editorafi.org.
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Eckerström, P. (2022). Extreme heavy metal and blasphemy in Iran: the case of Confess. Cont Islam, . Retrieved May 9, 2025, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-022-00493-7
Abstract: Since the revolution in 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran has imprisoned musicians, especially punk, hip-hop, and hard rock bands, as well as those playing heavy metal subgenres. Extreme heavy metal artists and fans emerged in the 1990s. The government soon targeted them as Satanists and began a systematic crackdown on metalheads. The metalcore band Confess is the most well-known case. The band was arrested in 2015 on counts of blasphemy, disturbing public opinion through the production of music, participating in interviews with the opposition media and propaganda against the Islamic Republic of Iran, among other charges. The majority of secular countries today do not consider extreme heavy metal to be transgressive. This is not the case in contexts where religious traditions have a significant influence on society. By analysing the narrative of the band Confess, the purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of how Iranian extreme metal musicians resist religious oppression, challenge their government, religious precepts, and social values through their music.
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Eckerström, P. (2024). Putting transgression into context within the complex Saudi heavy metal scene. Metal Music Studies, 10(1), 9–26.
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Foster, L. (2011). The Rhetoric of Heavy Metal Resistance: Musical Modalities in Iraqi Public Life. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 4(3), 320–338.
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López Ramírez Gastón, J. I. (Ed.). (2023). Passport to Hell. Critical Studies on Peruvian Metal. Lanham: Lexington Books.
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Tapia, R. (2022). El Metal Underground como Cultura, Identidad y Resistencia. In R. Tapia, & B. Mendoza (Eds.), El Tejido de las cuerdas disonantes del metal en Bolivia: Análisis descriptivo e histórico del under boliviano (pp. 9–30). La Paz: Ediciones Jichha.
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Tapia, R. (2024). Un análisis del Folk Metal desde afuera: Resistencias decoloniales y contra-hegemónicas. In Indigenismo, Fusión y Folk Metal en Bolivia (pp. 75–106). Special Issue of Perspectivas y Resistencias Musicales 2 (1).
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